The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the most biologically diverse and economically important seas in the world, yet it faces severe pressures from overfishing, pollution, and habitat loss.

 

In response to a recommendation from the Fourth Overall Performance Study, an impact evaluation of GEF support in the SCS and adjacent areas was carried out from December 2010 to September 2012. Covering 34 projects in seven countries and nearly 20 years of support, the evaluation combined portfolio analysis, field verification, and stakeholder consultations.

The report finds that GEF has reduced environmental stress at local levels, with evidence of improved socioeconomic conditions in many sites, and has become a critical regional actor by linking initiatives and mobilizing partners. However, broader adoption of successful approaches is constrained by limited country commitments, weak coordination, and major gaps in monitoring data use and accessibility.

The report recommends mainstreaming transboundary concerns within national and regional frameworks, supporting joint country action on shared resources, clarifying the role and sustainability of regional mechanisms, addressing social risks, and adopting a stronger programmatic approach with improved monitoring to inform the GEF-6 international waters strategy.