South Africa’s large GEF portfolio highlights the challenge of advancing biodiversity goals while confronting continued reliance on fossil fuels.

It was selected for country portfolio evaluation given its significant Resource Allocation Framework funding, globally important ecosystems, and diverse set of projects. The evaluation covered 26 national projects worth about $81 million and reviewed participation in regional and global initiatives, drawing on document review, interviews, workshops, and site visits.

GEF support generated biodiversity benefits by expanding protected areas, strengthening conservation planning, and influencing legislation, while international waters projects reinforced South Africa’s regional leadership in marine management. Climate change results have been modest, with limited direct emission reductions but catalytic effects in policy and renewable energy. Progress in other focal areas remains limited, and the Small Grants Programme has not realized its potential. Sustainability is uncertain due to weak institutional and financial capacity, gaps in coordination, and under-resourced focal points.

The Council endorsed recommendations to strengthen portfolio management, improve M&E, and broaden support to adaptation, land degradation, and sustainable energy.