The Fourth Overall Performance Study (OPS4) examined GEF support for enabling environments, pilot initiatives, and national up-scaling during 2002–2009.

The study finds that most projects achieved satisfactory outcomes and demonstrated progress toward long-term environmental benefits when mechanisms existed to sustain and scale results.

OPS4 confirmed the catalytic role of the GEF across three stages: establishing enabling environments through policy and regulatory reform, piloting innovative technologies and approaches, and supporting investments for national up-scaling. Limited resources, however, prevented consistent application of this model in all recipient countries, particularly least developed countries and small island developing states.

The study also highlights systemic underfunding, with environmental costs rising faster than available resources, and persistent delays in project approval that reduced responsiveness.

Despite these constraints, GEF support added value by aligning with multilateral agreements, leveraging agency expertise, and influencing national priorities.

OPS4 recommends a strong replenishment of GEF resources, coupled with reforms to improve programmatic approaches, accelerate approval processes, and expand support for countries facing the greatest financing challenges.